Gender-Specific Behavioral Health and Community Release Patterns Among New Jersey Prison Inmates: Implications for Treatment and Community Reentry

This study analyzed behavioral health diagnoses and community release patterns among 3,189 "special needs" inmates (those with behavioral health disorders) in New Jersey prisons, plus 974 special needs inmates released over a 12-month period. The research reveals significant gender-specific clustering of mental health disorders that has important implications for correctional treatment and community reentry strategies.

The findings show that virtually all special needs inmates had at least one Axis I mental disorder, with 68% having multiple conditions including additional mental disorders, personality disorders, or addiction problems. Gender patterns emerged clearly: men were more likely to have schizophrenia or psychotic disorders and personality disorders, while women were more likely to have depressive disorders and addiction problems. Among women, 75% had multiple diagnoses compared to 67% of men, suggesting more complex treatment needs for female inmates.

The study also examined spatial clustering of released inmates, finding that 25% of special needs ex-offenders returned to New Jersey's most disadvantaged counties (Essex and Camden). A higher percentage of men (27%) than women (18%) were released to these impoverished areas, and Black inmates were disproportionately likely to return to these communities compared to White and Hispanic inmates. The research suggests that both gender-specific treatment approaches within correctional settings and targeted reentry strategies for disadvantaged communities are needed. The concentration of ex-offenders with complex behavioral health needs in already struggling communities highlights the importance of coordinated treatment and support services that continue from prison into the community to prevent recidivism and promote successful reintegration.