Physical Victimization in Prison: The Role of Mental Illness

This comprehensive study represents the first systematic examination of physical victimization rates within a state prison system, with particular focus on inmates with mental health disorders. Conducted across 14 adult prisons in a mid-Atlantic state, the research surveyed 7,528 inmates using audio-computer administered interviews to ensure reliable reporting on sensitive topics. The study compared victimization experiences between inmates who reported prior treatment for mental health conditions including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, PTSD, or anxiety disorder, and those without such histories.

The findings reveal alarming disparities in victimization rates. Male inmates with mental disorders experienced physical victimization at rates 1.6 times higher for inmate-on-inmate incidents and 1.2 times higher for staff-on-inmate incidents compared to their counterparts without mental illness. Female inmates with mental disorders were 1.7 times more likely to report physical victimization by other inmates. The research utilized multiple measurement approaches, including both general questions about physical assault and specific behavioral questions, providing robust estimates of victimization prevalence. Approximately one-quarter of the sample reported prior mental health treatment, with these individuals also showing higher rates of co-occurring conditions such as substance abuse, head trauma, and chronic physical conditions.

Results demonstrate that inmates with mental disorders are disproportionately represented among victims of physical violence in prison, highlighting the need for targeted protection and intervention strategies for this vulnerable population within correctional settings.